Alpha-gal allergy

What is alpha-gal allergy?

Alpha-gal (galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose) is a sugar molecule found in meat from mammals, such as beef, pork, lamb and game. Humans do not have alpha-gal, and most people eat meat without problems. In some people, the body forms IgE to alpha-gal, usually after tick bites. Red meat can then cause allergic reactions.

The symptoms come late

What sets alpha-gal allergy apart from most food allergies is that the reaction comes two to six hours after the meal, sometimes in the middle of the night. That is why the link with the food is easy to miss.

• Itching and hives
• Swelling
• Stomach ache, nausea and diarrhoea
• A drop in blood pressure and breathing difficulties
• A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)

Where alpha-gal is found

Alpha-gal is found in meat, offal, blood sausage and sausages from mammals. It can also be present in gelatine, milk and other products from mammals, but many people tolerate dairy products. Poultry and fish do not contain alpha-gal. Some medicines contain alpha-gal, so tell your doctor about the allergy.

Tick bites

Ticks are thought to transfer alpha-gal to the skin when they bite, which prompts the immune system to form IgE. New tick bites can strengthen the allergy, while symptoms can decrease if you avoid bites for a long time.

How to get tested

Alpha-gal (allergen code o215) is included in our Alpha-gal (meat allergy) test. The test shows whether you have IgE antibodies to alpha-gal. If you have had severe reactions, you should be assessed by a doctor.

Frequently asked questions

Why do I react to meat only several hours after eating?

Alpha-gal is thought to be absorbed together with the fat in the food, which is a slow process. That is why the reaction usually comes two to six hours after the meal.

Can I eat chicken and fish?

Yes. Poultry and fish do not contain alpha-gal and are usually fine.